Many of the leading
causes of death in people over the age of 65 can be prevented or slowed down.
1 Heart Disease
Heart disease includes
heart failure, heart attack, coronary artery disease (narrowing or hardening of
the arteries) and heart arrhythmia. These conditions can cause the heart to
beat ineffectively and affect the circulation.
These conditions are
associated with—or caused by—diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure and
hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood).
Smoking, improper diet,
obesity, too much alcohol, lack of exercise and family history increase the
risk of developing heart disease.
That means that quitting
smoking (or not starting), achieving and maintaining a healthy weight,
exercising regularly, drinking alcohol in moderation, and eating a nutritious,
well-balanced diet can all help reduce the risk of heart disease.
2 Cancer
As we age, our risk of
developing cancer (such as breast cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer, and blood
and bone marrow cancers (like leukemia)) increases.
Lifestyle changes that
may reduce the risk of developing cancer include not smoking, maintaining a
healthy weight, eating more fruits and vegetables, and cutting back on red and
processed meats. Using sun protection can also help protect against the
development of skin cancer.
The five of the
deadliest cancers (having the most deaths per year in the US) are lung cancer,
colorectal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer.
3 COVID-19
In 2020, COVID-19
emerged as a leading cause of death around the globe. Older people are at a
greater risk of serious illness.
The best way to protect
yourself against COVID-19 is to get your vaccine and booster shots. Following appropriate
masking guidance and avoiding contact with people who are sick also help.
4 Cerebrovascular
Disease (Stroke)
Cerebrovascular disease
is a group of conditions that includes stroke. A stroke occurs when blood flow
to the brain is interrupted. This can be due to a blood clot or blockage (like
a cholesterol plaque) that cuts off blood flow to a part of the brain, or a
ruptured blood vessel in the brain. Both can cause damage or death to brain
tissue.
Strokes can cause
paralysis, speech disorders, swallowing problems and immobility.
High blood
pressure (hypertension) is the most important risk factor for stroke, but
diabetes, high cholesterol and smoking also increase the risk.
5 Chronic Lower
Respiratory Disease
Chronic lower
respiratory disease (CLRD) is a group of four diseases: chronic obstructive
lung disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and emphysema and asthma. These
conditions make it difficult to breathe. As they progress or get worse, you
have to work harder and harder to catch your breath, often feeling like you are
suffocating.
The most important thing
you can do to prevent or slow the progression of CLRD is to stop smoking (or
not start) and avoid secondhand smoke. Be mindful of using a wood-burning stove
or fireplace, as they can increase the risk of lung damage.
6 Alzheimer's
Disease
This progressive and
deadly disease causes progressive memory loss, personality changes, and
eventually, a complete loss of function and ability. The causes of Alzheimer's
disease are unknown, but there are medications that can slow it down.
Avoiding head trauma
will reduce the risk. Ways to do this include wearing a seat belt and wearing a
helmet when playing contact sports. Challenging your brain by studying a new
area or learning a new skill may offer some protection. Smoking has also
been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Diabetes may increase the
risk, and studies have shown that people with high blood sugar had more rapid
cognitive decline compared to those with normal blood sugar.
Diet may have a
significant protective effect. Research has shown that the MIND diet (a hybrid
of the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets)
can reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by as much as 53%.
7 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, also
known as adult-onset diabetes, is a chronic disease that weakens the immune
system and can increase the risk of stroke, heart disease and other circulatory
problems. With this condition, wounds take longer to heal and respiratory
infections, like pneumonia, can be more severe.
Maintaining an
appropriate weight by eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly can reduce
the risk of developing diabetes.
Meanwhile, smokers are more likely
to develop type 2 diabetes. Thus quit smoking or avoid it altogether.
8 Accidents
In older people, simple
falls can result in fractures that cause immobility and disability and may
hasten death. This may be caused by balance disorders, failing eyesight and
slower reflexes.
Exercise programs can
help improve your balance and maintain strength.
Other steps you can take to
minimize your risks of a fall include: keeping eyeglass prescriptions up to
date, rising slowly from a sitting position (to avoid getting dizzy), and wearing
rubber-soled, flat shoes.
In some cases, if taking different drugs together at the same time, they may interact and cause dizziness, drowsiness, or other symptoms that could
contribute to an accident or fall.
9 Nephritis
Kidney inflammation, or
nephritis, can be sudden (acute) or long-lasting (chronic). Possible causes
include bacterial infection or exposure to chemicals or toxins, such as
mercury, arsenic or alcohol. Autoimmune disease and a number of medications
may also play a role.
If left untreated,
kidney inflammation can cause the kidneys to fail (also called renal failure).
When your kidneys fail, toxins can build up because your body cannot filter
your blood properly. You may see a decrease in urine output. Chronic renal
failure may lead to a need for dialysis.
10 Parkinson's
Disease
Parkinson's disease is a
type of progressive movement disorder that can lead to tremors and problems
with movement and balance. It typically develops after age 60.
The condition is thought
to be caused by both genetic changes and environmental factors. While there is
no cure for Parkinson's disease, symptoms can be managed with various
treatments, including medication and lifestyle changes.
Studies suggest that
maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular aerobic exercise may help
with symptom control and possibly slow the progression of the condition.
Thus, in conclusion, by taking steps to
live a healthier lifestyle—such as not smoking, exercising regularly, and
modifying your diet—you can avoid conditions like heart disease, stroke, and
diabetes that can affect the quality and length of your life.